Which of the following should be avoided in the diet to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation?

Excessive animal protein should be avoided in the diet to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation primarily because high levels of animal protein can increase the excretion of calcium and uric acid in the urine. This process can lead to the formation of certain types of kidney stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones and uric acid stones. When the urine contains high levels of calcium and uric acid, it creates an environment conducive to the crystallization of these substances, ultimately leading to stone development.

In contrast, high fiber foods and low sodium snacks are generally beneficial for overall health and do not contribute to stone formation. High fiber foods can help in maintaining a healthy digestive tract and can aid in kidney health, while low sodium snacks are important in reducing the risk of hypertension, which is often associated with kidney health. Foods rich in vitamin D may help in the absorption of calcium but are not directly linked to increased stone formation when consumed in moderation. Therefore, limiting excessive animal protein intake is a practical dietary strategy for preventing kidney stones.