What are the potential complications of high phosphorus levels in CKD?

High phosphorus levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to significant health complications, with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease being one of the most critical concerns. In CKD, the kidneys lose their ability to effectively excrete phosphorus, leading to hyperphosphatemia. This condition may result in various metabolic disturbances, including the calcification of vascular tissues and soft tissues, which can contribute to cardiovascular issues such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.

The pathophysiological mechanism involves elevated phosphorus levels stimulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Over time, this process can promote the progression of cardiovascular disease by contributing to vascular stiffness and promoting ectopic calcification. Therefore, patients with CKD must manage phosphate levels closely, as controlling phosphorus can help mitigate the risk of cardiovascular complications and improve overall patient outcomes.

While other choices might be associated with CKD, they do not directly relate to the complications primarily caused by elevated phosphorus levels in the context of this condition.