How many stages are there in chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is classified into five distinct stages based on the level of kidney function, which is typically assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). These stages provide a framework for understanding the progression of kidney disease and its severity, guiding treatment decisions and management strategies.

In stage 1, kidney function is normal or slightly diminished, with an eGFR of 90 or higher, but there may be other indicators of kidney damage. As CKD progresses to stage 2, kidney function continues to decline, indicated by an eGFR of 60-89. By stage 3, there is a more significant decline in function, categorized further into stage 3a (eGFR 45-59) and stage 3b (eGFR 30-44). Stage 4 indicates severe reduction of kidney function, with an eGFR of 15-29, preparing patients for potential dialysis or transplantation. Finally, stage 5 represents end-stage kidney disease, where the eGFR is less than 15, and patients typically require dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive.

Understanding these five stages is essential for healthcare providers in managing CKD, as each stage requires different monitoring